New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a small state, it has merely a million inhabitants. However, this region of New England used to be rich and attracted many Lithuanians ~1900; today there are around 7000 of them and the city of Nashua (pop. 85 000) is their heartland, having numerous Lithuania-related sites.
Nashua Lithuanian church
Nashua St. Casimir Lithuanian church (Temple St) was closed in 2002 and converted into apartments which are known as Casimir Place. To the very last day, it served Lithuanian-language mass and had flowers of Lithuanian flag colors surrounding its altar. Inside the former church, there are commemorative plaques about the Lithuanian church and Lithuanians, as well as many old pictures of it. The vault of the Lithuanian church was not destroyed as the attic is left unused; it is still visible through a ceiling glass from the corridor. Entering the church interior may need somebody of those who live there to let you into the building. The gothic revival building itself was not built by Lithuanians but rather acquired from a previous territorial parish that disintegrated into several ethnic parishes.
St, Casimir Lithuanian church of Nashua
The corridor on the second floor built in the church nave. Old images visible here on the walls show the church as it was.
Nashua textile mills
Pre-War Lithuanians (~1000) have been attracted to Nashua by its massive textile industry. Its golden era was short, however, as the Great Depression forced many mills to go bankrupt and the last one closed down in 1949. Some Lithuanians were already too rooted to move away and, therefore, ~700 still live in the city. Unlike many other post-industrial American cities, Nashua enjoyed a true renaissance and was not affected by the White flight. The "Money" magazine twice named it "The best American city to live". Massive textile millswhere the forefathers of local Lithuanians worked at are now considered heritage and may still be explored near the town center (Main St, Franklin St, Factory St).
Nashua factories looking from the spot of "Diversity" statue at Front St (see below)
Nashua Lithuanian cemeteries
Nashua has two Lithuanian cemeteries. The Holy Cross Cemetery in Hudson suburb has the name "Lithuanian" prominently displayed. It was the Catholic cemetery and a flagpole memorial is dedicated to the memory of those who served the country, the community, and the St. Casimir Lithuanian parish. Initially, the Catholic church was reluctant to establish a separate Lithuanian cemetery, but they did so after the Lithuanians who sought their own cemetery established a Lithuanian Co-Operative Cemetery at Carmichal way (~400 graves) in 1928. In those days, cemeteries were a religious issue as the Roman Catholic church insisted that Catholics be buried in the sanctified ground of the Roman Catholic cemeteries. However, some Catholics actually preferred cemeteries based on the ethnicity. After understanding that the religious dogma alone will not stop the establishment of the Lithuanian ethnicity-based cemetery in Nashua, the Catholic church also established a separate Catholic cemetery for Lithuanians.
Holy Cross Lithuanian cemetery with the Lithuanian and American flags
Therefore, while beforehand there had been a dispute if Lithuanians need a separate cemetery at all, currently two Lithuanian cemeteries operate. The Co-Operative cemetery, however, has since been renamed "Pinewood cemetery" (in 2010), but its history is still reminded by a memorial. Only the American and New Hampshire flags wave there though. Like the Holy Cross Cemetery, it has many old Lithuanian graves.
A memorial commemorating the Lithuanian Co-operative cemetery
Nashua Lithuanian sculptures and streetnames
Unlike many of the so-called Lithuanian "colonies" of the pre-war first wave, Nashua continued to have substantial Lithuania-related activities after the church closure. A major reason for that is the Zylonis fund, created by a will of a Nashua Lithuanian in the 1970s. Its money is to be used to strengthen the Nashua-Lithuanian relations, attracting, for example, Lithuanian bands to concert ant Nashua. Nashua library too has Lithuanian books and hosts some Lithuanian events. Some Lithuania-related places have been funded by the Zylonis Fund as well, including the sculpture "Talking Bush" by a Lithuanian sculptor Asta Vasiliauskaitė (E Hollis St) - the sculpture has no Lithuanian details, but the old age of the Lithuanian language is explained next to it (the plaque also cites the author: "I am pleased that many Lithuanians have found happiness in Nashua and in the United States. When a person is happy, he shines from the inside"). Another sculpture by Lithuanians is Diversity next to where the factories are, created by the Nashua Lithuanians Woitkowski and Tomolonis.
Talking Bush statue by Vasiliauskaitė
Nashua has multiple locations named after their former Lithuanian owners. One of them is the Gelazauskas preserve west of the town, located on the land sold to the public authorities at under-market rates (200 000 instead of 2 800 000 USD) by the Gelažauskas family (while most Lithuanians came to New Hampshire to work at the factories, some, like Gelažauskas, eventually acquired land for farming, as land was always important in the Lithuanian culture; before World War 2, many Lithuanians saw industrial jobs only as means to earn money to buy land for farming, often back in the still-70%-rural Lithuania; Gelažauskas family had a dairy farm on that land). A wooden plaque with its name marks the entrance to the preserve.
Gelazauskas preserve entrance
Another area with multiple Lithuanian placenames is a collection of Lithuanian-named streets after the members of a single family who lived there. Now the streets have detached homes. The names are Tomolonis, Vieckis, Mizoras, Monica, and Monias (the last two anglicized Lithuanian, the first three originals). The original owners of the farm there were Leon Vieckis and Monica Mizuras; their daughter Monica then married another Lithuanian Joseph Tomolonis, while their daughter Phyllis married Frank Monis.
Mizoras Drive, one of the Nashua Lithuanian-named streets
Elsewhere, there is also Vilna street in Nashua, named after Vilnius (its old Russian name, still popular in English before World War 1 when most of the Nashua Lithuanians moved in). There is also Grigas street next to the Holy Cross Lithuanian Cemetery.
New Hampshire Lithuanian sites outside Nashua
Manchester city north of Nashua has a small street named after Lithuanian city of Kaunas (Kaunas Circle). Manchester's mile-long rows of former textile mills survive around Commercial St and are in good shape. The local Millyard Museum explains how they operated and how the immigrants (including Lithuanians) worked there.
After World War 2, a group of Lithuanian Benedictine nuns who had fled the Soviet-occupied Lithuania established their small convent in Bedford (a suburb of Manchester). This convent operated since 1957 to 1999, although after the 1990 independence of Lithuania, the sisters have relocated their activities back to Kaunas, Lithuania. After the closure and the Bedford convent, Benedictines sold the land to public use. The original convent burned down and new owners have transformed the land into a park which is known as Benedictine Park but nothing otherwise Lithuanian remains there. However, with the closure of the convent, land was acquired in the St. Joseph cemetery and a Lithuanian Benedictine memorial constructed there. The memorial includes names of the nuns, a traditional chapel-post symbol and a short story behind the convent.
Lithuanian Benedictine Memorial in the cemetery (image provided by Lithuanian Benedictines)
Epping may lack a Lithuanian community but it has a famous grave: that of Jack Sharkey, a heavyweight world champion of boxing. He was a pure Lithuanian: “Jack Sharkey” was just a pseudonym based on the names of his favorite boxers, while his original name was Juozapas Žukauskas. Today, he is among the best-known people among the Lithuanian-Americans.
Jack Sharkey (Juozapas Žukauskas) grave in Epping
Map of the Lithuanian sites
Map of Merrimack Valley Lithuanian sites
September 13th, 2017 - 02:15
Excellent article. Thank you. Jay (Zalanskas) Cook. New Hampshire
November 12th, 2017 - 03:53
Aciu uz LIETUVYBE !
November 20th, 2017 - 17:58
My parents are buried in the Lithuanian cemetery. We commissioned a “Rupintojelis” (Christ the Worrier) to be engraved on their tombstone. Interesting fact: buried near my parents are Mr and Mrs Kissel whose four sons were all famous football players (I know several played for the NFL). I was married at St Casimir’s church which has now been converted to a senior center/apartments. There was also a Lithuanian Club on High St which closed in the 60’s.
November 23rd, 2017 - 17:31
Thanks for sharing this. Indeed, many people at the Lithuanian cemeteries chose to engrave Lithuanian symbols on their tombstones. Among the most popular are the Coat of arms (Vytis), the Cross of Vytis, the Columns of Gediminas, the sun-cross. I have also seen the Iron Wolf and some other symbols.
July 7th, 2018 - 13:51
Hello – are there any Lithuanian Language teachers in the Nashua/Manchester/Concord areas of New Hampshire ? Concord is preferred but would consider other areas. Thanks – Mary
July 9th, 2018 - 18:34
For several years we had Lithuanian Language classes at the local library but unfortunatly they were discontinued when attendance dropped to one or two.
October 16th, 2019 - 14:37
Hi Sandra, – I just saw your reply to my question… do you know anyone who would be willing to teach it ? if not a whole class, then one person ? Perhaps the teachers from the old class – I’d assume they’re still in the area….
December 16th, 2019 - 15:01
If you do not mind traveling and willing to learn Lithuanian in an academic setting, check out the intensive Lithuanian language course offered by IU Bloomington this upcoming summer: https://languageworkshop.indiana.edu/languages/lithuanian/lithuanian1.html
January 28th, 2019 - 02:39
What does this mean:
Metu Sonoma 27
1903 Janvoro 7 Meres
January 28th, 2019 - 14:13
It is pre-modern Lithuanian which was not standardized, so it varied considerably from person to person. It means:
27 years old
Died January 7th, 1903
January 29th, 2019 - 12:50
Could Meres mean, in the sea? Or at sea?
January 30th, 2019 - 06:47
Nope. It is most likely the old version of “Miręs”, which means “Died”.
September 2nd, 2019 - 14:47
My babysitter in the 1940s was named Anne Mischkanis. We lived on West Hollis. Her father, a well-known character, owned a radio flyer wagon which he pulled from store to store on Main Street, gathering crate wood which he would bundle and resell as kindling. Does anyone know the family?
June 18th, 2022 - 18:53
My great grandfather, whose name I could never spell , lived with his daughter Rose in Nashua NH when he was too old to work. She broke tradition and married an Irish man, John Francis McDermott.
My father remembers his grandfather Joseph telling stories about the old country. ( My father was born in 1924.) We had lots of relatives thruout the Merrimac Valley.
Now I am confident that my g. Grandfather’s name must have been spelled “Mischkanis” like your babysitter. Thank you. Perhaps I may proceed with ancestor discovery.
October 17th, 2019 - 00:27
Are you still looking for Lithuanian classes?.. I may be of help..email me at LTbalticLV@outlook.com
Anyone of Lithuanian BLOOD.. (ethnicity)… is Lithuanian whether born in the old. Country or diaspora.. you are still Lithuanian blood and that is to be cherished and preserved!
I can help maybe in helping/ connecting anyone of blood Lithuanian (no matter where born ..no matter if you speak Lietuvos or not!)…
April 17th, 2020 - 12:48
I am seeking information about my grandparents. My grandfather’s name was John Bagdonas, born in Lithuania in 1883 – I believe he immigrated in the early 1900s and he was a parishioner at St Casimir’s in Nashua. I know they are buried at the Holy Cross Cemetery. Is there a way that I can check their church records? I have called St Patrick’s and had no reply. Where else can I look to learn more about them?
October 1st, 2021 - 18:02
Were only Lithuanians buried in the co-op cemetery? I was surprised to find my husbands great grandparents there with the last name Bouley.
October 5th, 2021 - 03:22
The surname does not mean much as the surnames were often Anglicized by the time of emigration or later. E.g. “Bouley” may be an Anglicized version of “Bulys”.
That said, sometimes non-Lithuanians would be buried in Lithuanian cemeteries, e.g. because of being relatives of Lithuanians.
As the time passed and the people’s ancestries became more mixed, it became more common to “open” such cemeteries to everyone (still, non-Lithuanians often saw little utility in having their graves there and so even new burials were typically Lithuanian-majority). But, as those are great grandparents, the burial is likely from a long time ago and so this is unlikely.
July 29th, 2023 - 23:50
My husband is half Lithuanian and half Canadian French. His grandmother Mokas was still alive when we married, and she showed me how to make several original meals from the old country. She tried to teach me the language as well. They lived in Lawrence Ma. and she worked in the mills there when she first immigrated over. She showed me how to make authentic dresses from her town. I made two for my children to wear to a festival in Lawrence back in the late nineties. I still have them and hate to throw them away. Do you know of anyone or any organization that might be interested in displaying them?
August 19th, 2023 - 04:37
Lawrence Immigrant City archives tends to do a great job at collecting various materials albeit it is more of an archive than a museum so they do not display them but I think they could be interested.
There are a multitude of Lithuanian museums in America, e.g. ALKA in Connecticut or Balzekas in Chicago, but you would have to contact them directly to see if they are interested (they would likely be displaying crafts of famous Lithuanian craftsmen, however).
You may also try to sell them on E-Bay or similar sites if you just want to find any alternative use save for throwing away.